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Signal Flags The illustration below illustrates the flags used for the International Code of Signals, and additional flags currently in use by the U.S. Navy and apparently by the British Navy as well: The flags of the International Code of Signals, although they represent the alphabet, aren't normally used for English-language text. Instead, they are used either to give the call letters of a ship, which are allocated internationally by subdividing the alphabet in much the same way as is used for radio stations, and which are four or five letters long, or for indicating codewords in the International Code of Signals. Codes of one or two letters in length indicate emergency situations, three-letter codewords serve general purposes. Because of the increased ease of radio communications, it appears that the three-letter codes, except for medical codes starting with M, have been removed from the current version of the International Code of Signals. However, some of the two-letter codes may be followed by a digit, called the complement, which adds more specific information. Some of the flags are named in the illustration by a two-letter abbreviation: 1R: First Repeater (or First Substitute) 2R: Second Repeater (or Second Substitute) 3R: Third Repeater (or Third Substitute) 4R: Fourth Repeater (or Fourth Substitute) CA: Code and Answering Pennant The Repeater/Substitute flags allow any combination of five letters to be hoisted with only a single set of flags: hence, 2R means a duplicate of whatever was signified by the second flag. There are only one of each substitute flag in a set, too; thus, these flags are daisy-chained when necessary. For example: AXAXA A X 1R 2R 3R AXAXX A X 1R 2R 4R AXAAA A X 1R 3R 4R Some sources only show the first three of these flags. The extra naval flags are the following: PR: Preparatory IN: Interrogatory NE: Negative EM: Emergency SQ: Squadron FL: Flotilla SU: Subdivision DI: Division SP: Speed ST: Station TU: Turn CO: Corpen (a plan or direction of movement shared by a number of ships) FO: Formation PO: Port SB: Starboard The second set of numeral flags, which were square instead of elongated. The illustration below illustrates the flags used for the International Code of Signals, and additional flags currently in use by the U.S. Navy and... International Signal Flags