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BOLLARD Post on wharf, ship or tug for securing lines. BOLLARD PULL Bollard pull refers to a test of a tug s capability to pull, measuring how many tonnes of pull are being applied. BREAKBULK General cargo, as opposed to cargo in containers. Also referred to as conventional cargo. Can include cargo in packages, pallets or bulk form (dry or liquid). BULK Cargo moved in bulk form, such as gypsum (dry bulk) or diesel (bulk liquid). BUND Area designed to contain any spills. CARGO CONSOLIDATION Packing cargo (usually into containers). Unpacking is referred to as deconsolidation or devanning. CARTER'S NOTE A carter s note is documentation provided when cargo is sent from the location where it is packed to the port for loading. It contains shipping instructions. CHART DATUM Depth of water at the lowest astronomical tide (spring tide). COASTAL SERVICES Shipping service between ports within New Zealand. CONTAINER Metal box structure of standard design, used to carry cargo in units. Containers can be 20 or 40 foot in length. The standard measure of a container is a TEU (20-foot equivalent unit). Container ships are specially designed to carry containers in slots (or cells). Containers are stacked and restrained (lashed) at all four corners by vertical posts. Some shipping lines now charter container slots on vessels operated by different companies. CONTAINER CRANE Large gantry crane specially designed to stow (load) and discharge (unload) containers from a ship. CONTAINER TERMINAL Facility designed to handle containers, with special-purpose equipment such as container cranes, straddle carriers and container stacking areas. CRANE RATE A measure of productivity based on the number of containers moved. Usually expressed as number of TEUs per gross hour per crane. DWELL TIME The length of time cargo remains in port before being loaded onto a ship or collected for domestic distribution. HOIST / FORK HOIST Heavy forklift machine used for lifting and stacking containers and cargo. HUB PORT / SERVICE Refers to the practice where shipping lines call at one port in a country or region, rather than at several ports. HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY Scientific mapping of the sea bed for navigation. GATE / GATEHOUSE Entry to wharf or terminal areas. INTERMODAL Refers to the handling of containers between different forms of transport (ship-to-ship, inter-terminal, rail, truck). INTERNAL MOVEMENT VEHICLE Heavy-haul truck used to move containers between facilities within the port. LASH Containers stacked on the deck of a ship are secured (lashed) at all four corners by wires or rods. LINE HANDLING Task of securing lines to the wharf when a vessel berths. MARINE SERVICES On-water services, such as piloting, towing and line handling for vessels as they arrive, depart or are moved between berths. MUDCRETE Soil mixed with cement used to form a quick-drying, solid reclamation in a marine environment. PIERS Floating pontoons used in marinas to provide access to recreational craft. PILOTAGE Activity where a pilot guides a vessel within harbour limits to ensure navigational safety. REACH STACKER Heavy hoist machine that stacks containers. RECEIVAL AND DELIVERY Export cargo is received into the port and import cargo is delivered to truck or rail. REEFER CONTAINER See refrigerated container. REFRIGERATED CONTAINER Controlled temperature container suitable for chilled or frozen cargoes. Also referred to as reefer container. A reefer container can be a porthole (must be fitted with or to refrigerating equipment) or an integral (has built-in refrigeration equipment). ROLL-ON, ROLL-OFF VESSEL Referred to as ro-ro. A ship which has a ramp allowing cargo to be driven on and off. Cargo which is driven on and off is ro-ro cargo. SPREADER Device used to lift containers with a locking mechanism at each corner. Used on container cranes, straddle carriers or other machinery to lift containers. STEVEDORE Individual or company employed to load and unload a vessel. STRADDLE CARRIER Large machine that straddles a container, lifts and moves it within a container yard. Capable of straddling a single row of containers three-high. TEU 20-foot equivalent unit is the international standard measure of containers. TOWAGE Where a tug tows or manoeuvres a vessel into or out of a berth. TRANS-SHIP Cargo landed at a terminal and shipped out again on another vessel without leaving the port area. Can be international (a container arrives from one country and is trans-shipped to another) or domestic (a container arrives from overseas and is trans-shipped to another New Zealand port by a coastal service). TURNAROUND TIME Time taken for a vessel to arrive in port, unload, reload and depart. Also refers to the time taken for a truck to arrive in port and deliver or receive cargo. This is a glossary of port and shipping terms. Glossary of Port and Shipping Terms